Skills and Goals for Starting Sixth Grade

Jem Quotes In To Kill A Mockingbird - 1328 Words

In To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus, the father of Jem and Jean, has taken the position of giving Jem and Jean valuable lessons, whether what they are in. One of those lessons, was Jem being a gentleman; Jem was taught by him by promptly going to Mrs. Duboses house and read for a month - after wrecking her garden -, she had met her demise with little to no agony from her morphine addiction, because of Jem; he went to her house and read to her, that consequently had her head assuage of doing morphine. When Atticus announced him that she was deceased minutes ago, he said that she was a great lady, and he was perplexed about why he called her a great lady after the slander he received. Anything else than the main idea, the main theme was†¦show more content†¦He then does her a consideration that if she hears some â€Å"ugly talk at school,† then â€Å"just hold your head high and keep those fists down.† Along with that significant consideration, she went to the schoolyard, saw Cecil, he declared that Atticus is an n-lover and additionally said about Tom Robinson as a disgrace and necessarily wants him dead directly to her. What she had done next is she had her head up, and her fists down, and stepped away from Cecil. As a result, Atticus had effectively taught Jean to just talk it out rather than fighting it out when it comes to personal occupation. In the title â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird,† the title didn’t make any sense whatsoever, it was clear what it meant for Maycomb County as Atticus told Jem and Jean about it. In the beginning of Chapter 10, Jem and Jean were considering that Atticus never done anything interesting or anything dynamic, however, work at the office; that showed Jem and Jean felt ashamed comparing other students’ dads. Then, Jem and Jean were granted air rifles from Atticus, although never taught them aiming lessons, Jack did; Atticus said that he wasn’t interested in guns. Although he taught both Jem and Jean about shooting at and the consequence of shooting a Mockingbird, as it’s a sin. Jean went to Miss Maudie about the legitimate consequence of shooting a mockingbird is a sin. She told herShow MoreRelatedQuotes To Kill A Mockingbird1096 Words   |  5 Pagessaid. ‘Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat up people’s gardens, don’t nest in corncribs, they don’t do one thing but sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it is a sin to kill a mockingbird.’ † (Lee 119) This symbolic and significant statement is found being spoken by Miss Maudie, a neighbor Jem and Scout were extremely fond of. Throughout the entire book, these incredible words find themselves thought of constantly by the reader. The mockingbird MissRead MoreAnalyse How the Theme of Courage Is Presented Within to Kill a Mockingbird1092 Words   |  5 PagesAnalyse how the theme of courage is presented within To Kill A Mockingbird Courage is the quality of mind that enables one to face danger with confidence, resolution, and gain a firm control of oneself. Harper Lee’s ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ tells the story of an alleged rape case in a southern small town, in the eyes of a young girl named, Scout. The theme courage is presented many times in the novel and there are numerous examples of it. Atticus is one of the main characters in the novel and portraysRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis1557 Words   |  7 Pagessomething that you start. In the book â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† By Harper Lee,   Many characters show the trait of courage throughout the book. It also shows many important parts of the book through these quotes that are shown. In the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper lee Atticus shows the trait of courage a lot in the book.   The next two quotes are ones that show that Jen is a person in the novel that shows the trait of courage when he tried to find boo.   these quotes are ones that show that Dill has courageRead MoreComparative Essay-to Kill a Mockingbird and I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings1065 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† by Maya Angelou and Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† can be seen as mockingbirds that have flown over fields of prejudice and repeat what they have seen for all to hear. Jem Finch, a young boy and lawyer’s son from â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† clearly symbolizes a mockingbird because of his youth and innocence, and because of his innocence he cannot fully understand the racism in the story. Jem also has many similarities to the caged and free birds in â€Å"I Know WhyRead MoreTheme Of Innocence In To Kill A Mockingbird1374 Words   |  6 Pages Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird is best known as a literary classic, telling the tale of a young girl named Jean Louise â€Å"Scout† Finch’s childhood in a southern Alabama town during the great depression. While the fate of a black male convicted of rape still looms in the synopsis. To Kill a Mockingbird the title of the novel, refers to a quote on page 119. Both said by Atticus Finch the town of Maycombs lawyer and Miss Maudie his neighbor, â€Å"it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird†. As said by Miss MaudieRead MoreInequality In To Kill A Mockingbird Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesGender inequality and race inequality are similar and different in that they are both unjust, however race inequality plays a more prominent unjust theme in the time and setting of To Kill a Mockingbird. Both black people and women dealt with stereotypes, like being a woman associated with being useless, a gossip, and delusional and being a black person meant you are uneducated. These stereotypes led to the word â€Å"female† or â€Å"n*gger† or black an offensive term. These connotations made being a womanRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Analysis788 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Remember, it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird,† (Lee 119). In To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, this is the quote that Atticus, one of the main characters, says to his kids. Atticus is a lawyer who takes on a tough case in his town, Maycomb. His kids are Scout, and Jem. Throughout the book, they grow and mature. They don’t mess around with their neighbor, Boo, as much as they used to. But, luckily because of him, they live to see the next day. In To Kill a Mockingbird, it shows that because ofRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1290 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee published To Kill a Mockingbird during a rough period in American history, also known as the Civil Rights Movement. This plot dives into the social issues faced by African-Americans in the south, like Tom Robinson. Lee felt that the unfair treatment towards blacks were persistent, not coming to an end any time in the foreseeable future. This dark movement drove her to publish this novel hopeful that it would encourage the society to realize that the harsh racism must stop. Lee effectivelyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1656 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do any harm but make music for us †¦ that’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird†, is a famous quote from the book To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. Atticus, the father of the main character Scout, says this to her and her brother Jem when they receive rifles for Christmas. This book is considered a classic due to the allegory between the book title and the trial that occurs about halfway through the book. In the beginning of To Kill a Mockingbird, Scout is six. She is an innocentRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Analysis874 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"‘Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit’em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird’† (Lee 119). The meaning of the quote is mockingbirds dont do anything but, sing for us to enjoy. Mockingbirds only want to bring happiness in the world like some characters in To Kill A Mockingbird. Harper Lee stated this quote in the book to get us thinking about how Atticus Finch, Tom Robinson, and Boo Radley are mockingbirds. Tom Robinson just wanted to help Mayella Ewell but, got accused of raping

The Effects of Baby Boomers on Social Security and Healthcare Free Essays

Expected Lifetime Costs of Significant â€Å"Aging Shocks† for a 65-Year-Old Today Population Needing Long-term Care If we also look at another issue as to why long-term care could be a large burden is the rapid inflation in expenditures for long-term care in recent years. Medicare and Medicaid expenditures on nursing home care were $9 billion in 1980, more than doubling to $25 billion by 1990, and doubling again to $54 billion by 1999. Likewise, Medicare and Medicaid expenditures on home health care increased from less than $1 billion in 1980 to $5 billion in 1990 and to $16. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Baby Boomers on Social Security and Healthcare or any similar topic only for you Order Now billion in 1999, down from a high of $17 billion in 1996 (Health Care Financing Administration 2000; Heffler et al. 2001). With this we can also see that out of pocket expenses have not been lowered at all either. Also there is a concern about long-term care costs that comes from a report by Curran, McLanahan, and Knab (in review) it suggest that children who experience divorce may be less willing or able to care for their aging parents. Their data indicate that the probability of an elderly person perceiving an availability of emotional support from his or her children is reduced from 71 percent for those who marry once and remain married to 56 percent for those who many and divorce. Which would make these elderly Baby Boomers more apt to have to depend on Social Security or some sort of governmental supplement? {draw:frame} There remain some substantial challenges to getting ready to meet the long-term care needs of Baby Boomers. Basically there are four areas of concerns that need to be focused on: Creating a finance system for long-term care that works Building a viable and affordable community-based delivery system Investing in healthy aging in order to achieve lower disability rates, and Recharging the concept of family and the value of seniors in American culture. There are four sources of payments currently finance long-term care services for the elderly: Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, and out-of-pocket payments. The federal Medicare program pays for approximately 24 percent of all long-term care costs (Congressional Budget Office 1999). In principle, Medicare does not cover custodial long-term care, but rehabilitation care. The federal/state Medicaid program is probably the most important player in the long-term care financing system. Medicare may if you will, be considered as a back up to the Medicaid program. Basically what Medicare does is help pay for the eldest and more serious conditions in the elderly who are in a situation that they have little to no money. How to cite The Effects of Baby Boomers on Social Security and Healthcare, Papers

TOK Note Arts Essay Example For Students

TOK Note Arts Essay Intentions of the artist: Work of art by someone with the intention of evoking an aesthetic (beauty) espouse in the audience, Critics: something that was not originally intended as art may now be treated as such, and this art might simply be junk 2 Quality of the work: Great work of art is a perfect combination of form(depicts such as a face, a landscape, etc) and content(the way it is put together such as unity, order, etc) Critics: some arts show originality, but require little technical skill such as kitsch and forgeries 3. Response of spectators: the general public prefer the familiar to the strange and content to form Expert opinions guides us to decided which works of art are genuinely worthwhile understand the meaning of a work of art; sophisticated) Other ideas about arts Everything can be looked at from an aesthetic point of view Inexhaustibly: ideal spectator helping us to distinguish enduring art from art Which is merely fashionable Judging art Essential Ideas and TOOK vocabulary: The paradox Of aesthetic judgment: Standards of judgment justifies certain art works (good or bad) Cannot argue about tastes in the arts Should aesthetic judgments be disinterested? In our aesthetic judgments we are suitors for agreement Disinterested not aesthetic response Should appreciate it from a more universal standpoint. Acknowledge great figures even if it is not the taste one prefers Are there universal standards in art? Psychological factors: humans have similarities in our aesthetic judgments; naturally tend to tint the dormer peaceful and the latter disturbing Kumar and Melamine: discover what kinds of painting people find most attractive Depicted landscapes in which one can see without being seen Metronome of the human pulse is the biological basis for our sense of rhythm in music Critics argue that our cultural differences end up with broadly similar tastes ex) dominated by American culture Cultural differences: universal elements running through all cultures; but this should not blind us to the differences between them Art and knowledge Art as imitation: Mimetic theory of art purpose of art is to copy realty; desire to achieve a perfect likeness Photography captures the essential you: creative reinterpretation Of reality Drawing attention to previously unnoticed features of reality; arts make it visible New movements in the arts challenge our understanding of reality, and many great artists w ho struck out in new directions were not recognized by their contemporaries as it was hostile to spectators. Art as communication: Communicate a message to spectator To understand the language of the art, one needs basic knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary of art (what is being communicated is worthwhile or not) Two dimensions Horizontal explore the breadth of human experience Vertical explore depth Communicate emotions use of music or poem to make sense of the depth and intensity and uniqueness of ones feeling Art as education: Art as a moral provocation provoke emotions that influence our behavior or shape our attitudes by offering us a range of role-models Approach to a more universal perspective on things For example, literature develop our ability to empathic with other people by imaginatively placing LIES to a situations that lie beyond the frontiers Of our own experience Critics: argue that art should be judged purely on its aesthetic rather than its ethical merits as it may lead up being both a bad artist and a bad preacher Plato versus Aristotle: Plato inflaming the emotio ns, art weakens our ability to lead rational lives Aristotle art does not incite emotion as much as purge, or cleanse us of it Catharsis cleansing effect Science, art and truth Both are trying to make sense of the world by looking for patterns in things Reason, imagination and beauty: Science: patterns are expressed in mathematics and logic appeal more to reason Art: needs to have a good imagination if one is to come up with new ways of looking at things, Discovered or invented?

Workplace Observation Essay Example

Workplace Observation Essay The workplace is a subject of many studies because it is characterized by rich diversity, communication practices, conflict management, organizational policies, technology, and so on. The three areas of organizational culture including communication, organizational diversity, and conflict management are challenging aspects in the restaurant business.I own an Italian restaurant named Gabbiano which offers pizza, salads, pasta, and sandwich to our customers. It is located near the ocean; thus, summer is the busiest time for the restaurant. The restaurant also employs 30 people, 10 of which are the dine-in workers, five delivery persons, three cashiers, and two cooks. As the restaurant is near the ocean, I require my staff to wear something for the summer such as comfortable shirts, black pants, closed-toe shoes and hats. The hats and shirts should be blue and must bear the logo of the store, which consists of a seagull and ocean. The word Gabbiano means ‘seagul.’Communicat ionCommunication is one of the most important aspects of every business. It is an essential component towards the organizational success at different levels (Northeastern University, n.d.). Communication is essential for organizing, coordinating, and controlling activities (Rouse, 2002, p.4).The success of the business is also largely dependent on the communication. Internal communication must be facilitated between the management and the employees and external communication between the company, clients, and suppliers. Having an effective communication in the workplace will result to job satisfaction among the employees and will reduce cases of underperformance. In addition, effective communication can spare the business from conflicts (Kondrat, 2009).In my restaurant, communication is an area that the employees and I strive to enhance. Even from the start of my staff’s employment, I make sure that they understand the importance of communication especially between the managem ent and the customers. Customers keep the restaurant in business, thus employees should learn to listen to what they have to say about the food and service. I have also taught my employees to communicate effectively with each customer because it definitely keeps them coming back to the restaurant. Most of the customers in the restaurant are only there for the summer. But there was this time when a customer told one of the waiters that he had been at the restaurant before and planned to return for his next vacation. Although we serve good food, I believe that establishing a business-customer relationship will attract and retain more customers.Communication is also important between the management and the employees and between employees themselves. During one time, a misunderstanding happened between one of the delivery persons and one of the cooks. The root of the problem was so solvable but it took days before the problem was finally settled due to lack of communication between the concerned parties. The delivery guy did not want to listen to the cook because he thought that he had been working at my restaurant longer than the cook. The cook, on the other hand, took the opportunity to talk away and gather the empathy of the other employees as back-up against the delivery guy. The problem could have been the cause of a rift between the employees had it not been for a one-hour man-to-man talk that required them to listen to each other.Organizational DiversityOrganizations are becoming more heterogeneous when it comes to gender, race-ethnicity, age, and national origin. There were studies which showed that diversity â€Å"have negative effects on social integration, communication, and conflict† (Pugh, Dietz, Brief, and Wiley, n.d., p.4). This can be explained by the fact that people coming from different cultures have different values, expectations, and communication styles. Despite these differences, an organization can be successful when these are unders tood by each employee and incorporated into the organizational culture (Workforce Diversity Network, 2008).My restaurant is home to cultural diversity. I have Vietnamese, Mexican, and American workers. During the hiring of my staff, one of my visions was hiring people from different cultural backgrounds. I have good friendships with people coming from race different from mine, and I believe that it can extend to my business. Although the start of the business with workers from mixed races was shaky, my staff finally came to befriend each other. However, it was not very easy. In fact, having employees of different races and ethnic backgrounds was a lot challenging than I thought it would be. Everyone had a hard time getting used to each other. However, effective communication was one of the key solutions in bridging the gap between the employees.Conflict ManagementConflict management is another aspect which can be very challenging. Conflict can arise from poor communications, differe nces in values, and leadership problems. If managed properly, conflict can lead to positive results such as participation of people, recognition and benefiting from their differences, and raising and addressing of problems (McNamara, 2008).In the restaurant, conflict has happened more than once. The likely causes were the differences between the employees and poor or lack of communication. For instance, the two cooks had a verbal fight about how things should be in the kitchen. Each wanted to have his or her way in the activities inside the kitchen. The conflict worsened because no one was willing to give in and did not want to settle the problem. Both avoided the problem by ignoring each other. Although after the verbal fight the cooks continued to work in silence, it affected the whole organization. The problem was only solved when I required them to talk it out like two grown up men and come up with alternative solutions.ReferencesKondrat, A. (2009). Effective communication in th e workplace. Retrieved April 1, 2009, from http://human-resources-management.suite101.com/article.cfm/effective_communication_at_workplaceMcNamara, C. (2008). Basics of conflict management. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://www.managementhelp.org/intrpsnl/basics.htmNortheastern University. (n.d.). The importance of effective communication. Retrieved April 1, 2009, from http://web.cba.neu.edu/~ewertheim/interper/commun.htmPugh, S.D., Dietz, J., Brief, A.P., and Wiley, J.W. (n.d). Looking inside and out: The impact of employee and community demographic composition. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://www.ivey.uwo.ca/faculty/Dietz_JAP_Diversity_08inpress.pdfRouse, S. (2002). Business communications: A cultural and strategic approach. United States: Cengage Learning EMEA.Workforce Diversity Network. (2008). The importance of diversity in 2008 and beyond. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http://www.workforcediversitynetwork.com/news_0806_impt.aspx

The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance

The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a form of self-regulation incorporated into organizations which functions as an instrument by which the corporation examines and ensures its active conformity with the provisions of the law, ethical norms, and global practices (Sà ©guin and Parent, 2010). The main role of social initiatives is to uphold responsibility and promote a positive impact through its conduct towards the environment, customers, staff, the immediate community, and all members of the public domain.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport: Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, CSR actively promotes the community’s growth and development and eradicates norms that harm the public, irrespective of legality. Although there is no single universally accepted definit ion of CSR, it can be summarized as the intentional inclusion of public interest into corporate or organizational decision-making processes, and the honoring of the three corporate pillars: people, planet, profit. CSR ensures that a corporation goes beyond its legal requirements so as to handle staff with dignity, operate with integrity and ethics, respect human rights, sustain the environment for future generations, create strong positive relations with the surrounding communities, being responsible in the community, and a good ‘corporate citizen’ (Inoue, Kent, and Lee, 2011). For a long time, stakeholders have recognized the potential of sports venues and sporting activities to form a platform for undertaking CSR activities. This has resulted into most corporations engaging in some form of CSR activity in sporting events. However, companies have recently shifted their focus driven by profit motivations, and are beginning to move away from CSR related activities to foc us more on increasing their profit margins through such undertakings (Inoue et al, 2011). Although both sponsorship and corporate social responsibility offer sources of funds, resources, and in-kind services to organizations, they differ in the nature of what they expect in exchange. Indeed, some scholars have suggested that marketing and corporate philanthropy sit at opposite ends of a donation continuum. While CSR involves noble donations that are made based on personal values and not on personal gain, corporate decisions to sponsor sport properties are normally driven by business objectives although they may include intention to generate public goodwill regarding the organization and hence lead either to publicity of the whole company or of some of its products (Sà ©guin and Parent, 2010). However, one thing is clear: both CSR and sponsorships help a company in its marketing initiatives. In fact, sponsorships can wholly be regarded as a marketing initiative.Advertising L ooking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Corporate social responsibility is becoming increasingly important to organizations, governments, and service providers as they strive to meet the challenges of social and economic problems while altering welfare environments and this can be attributed to a number of factors, economic, social, cultural, legal and technological and so on. However, according to Sà ©guin and Parent (2010), progress in this area is often hampered by the fact that the field is under researched even as corporations face new demands to improve their accountability, transparency, integrity, and ethical behavior while observing the interests of its staff and that of the general public. Indeed, a study by Ludwig and Karabetsos (1999) reported that few researchers have focused on how corporations and organizations can create an equilibrium between corporate social respon sibility and marketing or sponsorship roles. The objective of this study is to identify the primary factors that influence a corporation’s involvement in CSR, and make recommendations on how a balance between marketing and corporate social responsibility can be achieved Methodology A mixed-methods approach was employed to analyze the motivation and level of involvement of corporations in CSR. A case study of teams participating in the NBA league in the United States was conducted to investigate the use of CSR in a major sporting event. Analysis looked at individual corporations’ contributions, sponsorship activities and the motivation for engaging in these activities. Both quantitative and qualitative measures were helpful in examining the research objective and drawing conclusions. The research incorporates the following: Data gathered from IRS Form 990, 990-PF, and 990-EZ Statistical F-tests Related polls and surveys Additional information from articles and other st udies This research study examines sports foundations in the three major leagues across three quantitative measures: revenues, grants distributed, and net assets. Analyzing annual revenue gives incite into a foundation’s potential for generating income through contributions, gifts, or from charging fees for services. Grants distributed indicate the organization’s current involvement in CSR and net assets indicate their ability to support activities in the future. Assessing these three variables is essential in understanding a sports’ foundations level of CSR and its ability to engage in CSR in the future.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Importance of Marketing and Corporate Social Responsibility in Sport: Creating and Maintaining the Perfect Balance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The qualitative statistical methods used include One-Way ANOVA F-tests and Chi-Square/Contingency Tab le tests. These tests will determine the statistical significance of the relationships between CSR and different variable factors (including marketing and CSR roles). The ANOVA-test reveals if there is a significant difference between the level of contributions, profitability, and levels of CSR activities. Qualitative analysis focuses on the NBA and its recent spike in CSR activities. Conclusions are drawn from polls and surveys conducted by ESPN, and analysis of articles on the topic. Organizations normally fill Form 990, 990-PF, or 990-EZ with the IRS. The form details information on the corporation’s mission, programs, and finances. The goal of the qualitative methods is to determine the extent of CSR in the NBA, their impact on the league and players, and the factors that influence a franchise’s CSR decisions. Results and Discussion This study used a mixed-methods approach to develop an understanding of the involvement of professional sports franchises in CSR. The underlying research question looked to identify the extent to which sports franchises engage in CSR and factors that influence this involvement. Quantitatively, this study proved that the league a corporation is involved in does impact its CSR activities. ANOVA tests showed that performance impacts the level of CSR. In the NBA, there is a relationship between winning and charitable grants distributed. Teams with a winning season attract a larger level of sponsors and donations from corporations than losing teams. Qualitatively, a case study of the NBA revealed that player perception and league image is a motivating factor in determining the league’s level of CSR. Hence, CSR activities impacted positively on player performance on the pitch. The question on the factors that influence corporations to engage in CSR was observed as an intervening, or confounding variable, as it featured strongly in both the ANOVA and quantitative analyses. Corporations that invested more in CSR ac tivities experienced a steady increase in profitability and product awareness. Surveys conducted showed that persons who supported a particular team were more likely to purchase products from the sponsors. When faced with two options of purchasing two similar products, a person was more likely to purchase the sponsor’s product. Hence, it was concluded that marketing and profitability were major factors in corporations’ engagement in CSR activities. However, it was postulated that corporations’ engagement in sports is purely from a corporate social responsibility perspective and that the numerous benefits come automatically in virtue of the corporations’ CSR activities. Further research should be undertaken on this topic.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Future of CSR in Professional Sports Several theories have been put forward to explain why corporations engage in sporting activities. Some of these theories point to a corporation’s objective of increasing its involvement with the local community, to increase general public awareness of the company, to enhance the corporation’s image, to alter or influence public perception of the company, to block competition, to increase sales and/or market share, to increase product awareness, and to reach a target market (Mullin, Hardy, and Sutton, 2000). Either way, corporations need to establishing a perfect balance between CSR and marketing so that both the company and the public can benefit the corporation’s involvement in the event, rather than the current situation where corporations are the predominant winners in many sporting activities(Mullin et al., 2000). This balance can be achieved through the following strategies. Responsibility Corporations can create a balan ce between marketing and CSR by engaging in responsible advertising and in the dissemination of information. While the sponsors are accorded the rights to air advertisement of their products and engage in product awareness campaigns during sports events, corporations must refrain from running programs or commercials that may harm participants, the audience, and viewers in any way. This observation mainly applies to corporations that produce alcoholic products such as Heineken and Anheuser-Busch (Polonsky and Speed, 2001). Corporations should run responsible drinking programs at their own will and not just due to coercion or pressure. Similar policies should be adopted by tobacco manufacturers. This would create a balance between marketing and CSR. Life, Health, and Safety of all While signing sponsorship agreements, corporations should bear that every party within the particular sporting scene is important towards the successful staging of the event, be it the spectators, participan ts, or persons watching at home. Consequently, the corporations’ sponsorship package must include programs aimed at enhancing the lives, health, and safety of all parties involves whenever they can (Walker Kent, 2009). The activities could include programs to prohibit any doping practices; preventing accidents (or improving safety); providing medical care to the participants; workers and people involved in the organization of the games; prohibition of exploitation of Child Labour and forced Labour; and realization of buildings, equipment, and facilities in compliance with national and international laws and ILO Conventions (Polonsky and Speed, 2001). Environment Sustainability Sponsors must understand the effect of sports activities on nature as well as the flexibility of the natural area being used to withstand the various activities being undertaken during the sporting activities. Consequently, they must guarantee the highest level of safeguard of the territory and pursue the objectives of environmental improvement, taking into account the principles of sustainable development (Mullin et al., 2000). Environmental sustainability is spelt out in many policies pertaining to particular sports, for instance, in the Olympic Games, the Olympic Movement Agenda 21 focuses on the reinforcement of environmental education of youth during the games. Environmental sustainability is a very important subject and each sponsor must strive to play a role in enhancing environmental protection and conservation. Integrity and transparency Integrity, transparency, and participation should be viewed not as constraints, but rather as conditions of efficacy and efficiency, because they enhance the credibility and authority of the complex action of â€Å"governance† on which the success of the sports events hinges (Walker Kent, 2009). The corporation must embrace integrity and transparency in all of its activities in relation to the sponsorship deal. Conclusion A recen t shift in CSR activities has seen activities transform their corporate goodwill to a profit-motivated venture while sponsoring sporting activities. This shift has seen companies pay less attention to societal needs but engage in aggressive marketing techniques in total disregard to the well-being of the rest of the society. Consequently, there is an urgent need for companies to realign their sponsorship activities so that a balance is created between marketing and CSR. Elements such as responsibility, taking the matter of all stakeholders at heart, environmental sustainability, and integrity and transparency can significantly help in bringing back the balance between CSR and sponsorship of sporting activities among corporations. References Inoue, Y., Kent, A., and Lee, S. (2011). CSR and the Bottom Line: Analyzing the Link between CSR and Financial Performance for Professional Teams. Journal of Sport Management. In press, uncorrected proof.  . Ludwig, S. and Karabetsos, J.D. (199 9). Objectives and evaluation processes utilized by sponsors of the 1996 Olympic Games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 8(1), 11–19. Mullin, B., Hardy, S. and Sutton, W. (2000). Sport Marketing (2nd ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinesics Polonsky, M.J. and Speed, R. (2001). Linking sponsorship and cause related marketing. European Journal of Marketing, 35(11/12), 1361–1385 Sà ©guin, B., and Parent, M. M. (2010). Corporate support: a corporate social responsibility alternative to traditional event sponsorship. Int. J. Sport Management and Marketing, 7(3/4), 522-30. Walker, M., Kent, A. (2009). Do fans care? Assessing the influence of corporate social responsibility on consumer attitudes in the sport industry. Journal of Sport Management, 23, 717-742.

Multics Operating system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Multics Operating system - Essay Example Significantly, more than just the design and aesthetic feature of a certain operating system is the critical role that security in operating systems is playing in ensuring that important data are stored securely. It also serves as an interceptor to potential threats in the Internet. Thus, this treatise will elaborate on the security features of Multics and its relative contributions to the world. Further, in this exposition, we will also explore the history, impacts and the influences of Multics to our modern times and how these interactions resulted in a progressive stint that the world has taken. Multiplexed Information and Computing Service, or most commonly known as Multics, is a "comprehensive, general-purpose programming system which is being developed as a research project" (Corbato & Vyssotsky, 1965). The first Multics system was applied on the GE-645 computer. According to Corbato and Vyssotsky (1965), the prime goal of designing the system was to provide a computing system which has the capability to meet the entire current and future requirements of a large computer utility. In other words, this system must be able to function continuously and reliably even with large amount of data. It was Professor Fernando Corbato from Massachusetts Institute of Technology who spearheaded the development of the system together with his colleagues in 1964. Initially, it was a joint project by MIT led by Professor Corbato, the General Electric and the Bell Laboratories; however, Bell Labs decided to back out leaving GE and Multics behind until it was later conquered by Honeywell. Following Honeywell’s acquisition of GE’s computer business, the prime Multics production machine was Honeywell 6180 mainframe which was widely recognized following 1969. Multics network implementation likewise became one of the pioneering sites after its forerunner, the ARPANET. Two MIT production machines were linked to ARPANET, the MIT 645 and the MIT 6180, which were assoc iated to ARPANET in 1971 and 1973 respectively. The development of Multics gave rise to the development of some other operating systems such as the UNIX. The operating system UNIX was created after Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie employed ideas used to develop Multics. UNIX was finally completed in 1969. But since UNIX was developed using the C language, it became widely popular with colleges and universities worldwide because of its simplicity. In November 1992, the source code of the concluding Multics version, the MR 12.5, was released to the public through MIT. This particular version comprised "5839 files of PL/I code in 337 archives" (Gedda, 2009). The authorization is relatively lenient and gives anybody the "right to use, copy, modify and distribute the code and its documentation for any purpose and without fee" (Gedda, 2009). However, while anyone can be given access and right over the archives, a copyright notice and historical background must be provided to appear in all copies according to Gedda (2009). Multics had manifold elements aimed to bring about great accessibility in order to provide massive support for computing utility comparable to that of telephone and electric services. By adjoining more of the applicable resource such as memory and computing power, the entire system could substantially expand in size. Multics has numerous unique features which distinguish it from the rest. These features were